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Item Augmented Reality and Pedestrian Navigation through its implementation in m-learning and e-learning: Evaluation of an educational program in Chile(2017-04-05) Joo-Nagata, J.; Martínez Abad, F.; García-Bermejo Giner, J.; García-Peñalvo, F. J.The implementation of Mobile Pedestrian Navigation and Augmented Reality in mobile learning contexts shows new forms of interaction when students are taught by means of learning activities in formal settings. This research presents the educational, quantitative, and qualitative evaluation of an Augmented Reality and Mobile Pedestrian Navigation app. The software was designed for mobile learning in an educational context, to evaluate its effectiveness when applied as a teaching tool, in comparison to similar tools such as those present in e-learning. A mixed-method analysis was used, with primary school students from Chile as subjects (n = 143). They were split into one control group and one experimental group. The control group worked in an e-learning environment, while the experimental group performed the activity as field work, making use of the app (m-learning). Students were evaluated pretest and posttest using an objective test to measure their level of learning. In parallel, a satisfaction survey was carried out concerning the use of these technologies, in addition to interviews with several students and teachers of the experimental group. Pretest-posttest results indicate that the experimental group outperformed the control group in their learning levels. The results of the interviews and the satisfaction survey show that these technologies, combined with fieldwork, increase the effectiveness of the teaching-learning processes. Further, they promote the interaction of students with contents for learning, and they improve students’ performance in the educational process. The main goal is to provide a methodology for the analysis of an ad-hoc designed app. The app is intended to provide an m-learning process for subjects being taught about cultural heritage. The quantitative and qualitative results obtained show that it can be more effective than using similar technologies in e-learning contexts.Item Augmented Reality in Pedestrian Navigation applied in a context of Mobile Learning: Resources for enhanced comprehension of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics(Tempus Publication, 2017-03-31) Joo Nagata, J.; García-Bermejo Giner, J.; Martínez Abad, F.This paper describes the creation and educational effectiveness of a digitally-enabled learning module. The module is linked to the implementation of several Mobile Pedestrian Navigation and Augmented Reality features (MPN-AR), which are used to carry out training processes. In particular, the information imparted is related to territorial information on several relevant disciplines like Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM). This is done in a context of digital information about the environment of Santiago de Chile. The research focuses on two main areas, of which the first is the territorial delimitation, in the thematic context of the study area, in order to carry out the design of an MPN-AR application. This includes defining the architecture, functionality, user interface and implementation of the application. A second step deals with the empirical verification of the results produce by the various modes of operation of the application, as well as the comprehensibility and effectiveness of the model. This is done by means of an MPN-AR application, which has been created in the context of mobile learning and ubiquitous learning as applied to territorial or environments systems. The precise context will be students in a formal educational context. Finally, the implication of these results is discussed, determining their effectiveness within the context of m-learning and u-learning scenarios in comparison with traditional teaching