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Item The new reality of education in the face of advances in generative artificial intelligence(2024-01-01) García-Peñalvo, F. J.; Llorens-Largo, F.; Vidal, J.It is increasingly common to interact with products that seem “intelligent”, although the label “artificial intelligence” may have been replaced by other euphemisms. Since November 2022, with the emergence of the ChatGPT tool, there has been an exponential increase in the use of artificial intelligence in all areas. Although ChatGPT is just one of many generative artificial intelligence technologies, its impact on teaching and learning processes has been significant. This article reflects on the advantages, disadvantages, potentials, limits, and challenges of generative artificial intelligence technologies in education to avoid the biases inherent in extremist positions. To this end, we conducted a systematic review of both the tools and the scientific production that have emerged in the six months since the appearance of ChatGPT. Generative artificial intelligence is extremely powerful and improving at an accelerated pace, but it is based on large language models with a probabilistic basis, which means that they have no capacity for reasoning or comprehension and are therefore susceptible to containing errors that need to be contrasted. On the other hand, many of the problems associated with these technologies in educational contexts already existed before their appearance, but now, due to their power, we cannot ignore them, and we must assume what our speed of response will be to analyse and incorporate these tools into our teaching practice.Item Explainable Rules and Heuristics in AI Algorithm Recommendation Approaches—A Systematic Literature Review and Mapping Study(Tech Science Press, 2023-02-06) García-Peñalvo, F. J.; Vázquez-Ingelmo, A.; García-Holgado, A.The exponential use of artificial intelligence (AI) to solve and automated complex tasks has catapulted its popularity generating some challenges that need to be addressed. While AI is a powerful means to discover interesting patterns and obtain predictive models, the use of these algorithms comes with a great responsibility, as an incomplete or unbalanced set of training data or an unproper interpretation of the models’ outcomes could result in misleading conclusions that ultimately could become very dangerous. For these reasons, it is important to rely on expert knowledge when applying these methods. However, not every user can count on this specific expertise; non-AI-expert users could also benefit from applying these powerful algorithms to their domain problems, but they need basic guidelines to obtain the most out of AI models. The goal of this work is to present a systematic review of the literature to analyze studies whose outcomes are explainable rules and heuristics to select suitable AI algorithms given a set of input features. The systematic review follows the methodology proposed by Kitchenham and other authors in the field of software engineering. As a result, 9 papers that tackle AI algorithm recommendation through tangible and traceable rules and heuristics were collected. The reduced number of retrieved papers suggests a lack of reporting explicit rules and heuristics when testing the suitability and performance of AI algorithms.Item Reflections on the ethics, potential, and challenges of artificial intelligence in the framework of quality education (SDG4)(2023-01-01) Flores-Vivar, J. M.; García-Peñalvo, F. J.This article analyses and reflects on the ethical aspects of using artificial intelligence (AI) systems in educational contexts. On the one hand, the impact of AI in the field of education is addressed from the perspective of the Sustainable Development Goals (specifically, SDG4) of the UNESCO 2030 Agenda, describing the opportunities for its use by teachers and students. On the other hand, there is an emphasis on the uncertainties caused by the fears of some who think, for example, that AI robots will replace human teachers. The methodology used is based on a documentary review, supported by reports and studies conducted by researchers as well as institutions and organizations committed to the development of AI and its capacity for action in the educational field, and the ethical questions that experts and organizations around the world are raising. The results seek to influence and deepen the ethical implications that AI can have in the educational field. Finally, some critical questions about the ethics and challenges of AI in education are proposed, concluding with the need to add proposals with new research and political actions which could lead to the creation of an ethical observatory of AI for education.Item Smart Learning(MDPI, 2020-10-06) García-Peñalvo, F. J.; Casado-Lumbreras, C.; Colomo-Palacios, R.; Yadav, A.Artificial intelligence applied to the educational field has a vast potential, especially after the effects worldwide of the COVID-19 pandemic. Online or blended educational modes are needed to respond to the health situation we are living in. The tutorial effort is higher than in the traditional face-to-face approach. Thus, educational systems are claiming smarter learning technologies that do not pretend to substitute the faculty but make their teaching activities easy. This Special Issue is oriented to present a collection of papers of original advances in educational applications and services propelled by artificial intelligence, big data, machine learning, and deep learningItem Sensor Technologies for Caring People with Disabilities(MDPI, 2019-11-11) García-Peñalvo, F. J.; Franco-Martín, M.Today, the population uses technology for every daily activity involving business, education, communication, entertainment, etc. Technology may also help us to take care of people who suffer some kind of disability. Complex technological ecosystems with pervasive and intelligent capabilities get along with us, facilitating the vigilance of those who need special attention or assisted living cares due to their health limitations. The advances in sensor research have enriched the powerful of these ecosystems to achieve more sophisticated monitoring and alarm systems, also taking into account the balance between the level of assistance and the people’s privacy. The Special Issue on “Sensor Technologies for Caring People with Disabilities” aims to present recent developments on sensor technologies for caring people with disabilities, focusing on the different configurations that can be used and novel applications in the field.