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Item Multimedia Analysis of Spanish Female Role Models in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics(MDPI, 2021-11-15) Verdugo-Castro, S.; García-Holgado, A.; Sánchez-Gómez, M. C.; García-Peñalvo, F. J.Horizontal segregation in the higher education framework is a problem that goes up in the work environment. Women are assuming traditional gender roles due to phenomena such as the threat of stereotyping, which prevents them from opting for higher studies in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM). This research work arises within the project W-STEM, “Building the Future of Latin America: Involving Women in STEM”. The research aims to investigate women’s academic and professional development in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) through their personal experience in making career-related decisions. The research was developed by applying a qualitative method. During the year 2020, video semi-structured interviews were conducted with twenty-one women professionals in the STEM field. Of the twenty-one participants, six are linked to science, eight to technology, fifteen to engineering and one to mathematics. Due to their research lines, some of them are located in more than one STEM area, for example, in technology and engineering. These women were interviewed about their choice of studies and training, their jobs, professional achievements, family and social environment and their perspective on the gender gap in STEM. They all agree on horizontal segregation and consider it necessary to motivate girls and young women to study what they like. Furthermore, they all show passion for their workItem COEDU-IN Project: an inclusive co-educational project for teaching computational thinking and digital skills at early ages(IEEE, 2021-09-23) González-González, C. S.; Caballero-Gil, P.; García-Holgado, A.; García-Peñalvo, F. J.; Molina, J.; del Castillo-Olivares, J. M.; Candela San Juan, B.; García Cuesta, S.; Perdomo, I.; Caballero-Gil, C.; Gutiérrez-Vela, F.; Paderewski, P.; Violant Holz, V.; Gil Iranzo, R.; Ramos, S.Learning to program is the new literacy of the 21st century. Computational thinking, closely related to programming, requires thinking and solving problems with different levels of abstraction and is independent of hardware devices. The early childhood education stage provides teachers with the opportunity to lay the foundations for a comprehensive quality education using innovative tools and technologies. Educational robotics in early childhood education becomes a tool that facilitates the acquisition of knowledge to children, playfully, based on the principles of interactivity, social interrelationships, collaborative work, creativity, constructivist and constructionist learning, and a student-centered didactic approach, allowing in turn that student can acquire digital competencies and develop logical and computational thinking in an underlying way. This project explores the current state of teaching and learning computational thinking and programming in early childhood education in an inclusive manner. Moreover, the lack of diversity and inequality is particularly latent in science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) fields. Therefore, this work considers this problem and presents an inclusive coeducation approach to this new literacy, eliminating gender stereotypes and extending them to people with Down syndrome and hospitalized minors.Item The experience of women students in engineering and mathematics careers: a focus group study(IEEE, 2021-04-21) García-Holgado, A.; Verdugo-Castro, S.; Dominguez, A.; Hernández-Armenta, I.; García-Peñalvo, F. J.; Vázquez-Ingelmo, A.; Sánchez-Gómez, M. C.The gender gap is a problem that occurs in different forms in regions and countries around the world. It is a goal of large international organisations, governments, companies and other entities. Although it is not a new issue, it is important to continue studying it and seek mechanisms and strategies to attract and maintain more women in these areas. In particular, in the field of education and employment, the STEM areas present large gender gaps whose reduction would not only impact the equality of men and women but would also have an impact on the economy of the countries and on improving the economic situation of women. In this context, there are initiatives in Latin America working on this issue, but it is necessary to look more deeply into the elements that influence the decision to study careers in these areas. In this context, two focus groups have been held as roundtables with STEM women from different Latin American and European countries, to answer a series of questions centred on their motivations and decisions before and during their university studies. The results obtained have provided some inputs for defining gender equality action plans in ten Higher Education Institutions from Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, and Mexico. Furthermore, the results show similarities with previous studies involving STEM women with different Latin American profiles.Item Propuestas Europeas para Trabajar en la Brecha de Género en STEM: Un Análisis Sistemático(IEEE, 2020-10-01) García-Holgado, A.; Verdugo-Castro, S.; González-González, C. S.; Sánchez-Gómez, M. C.; García-Peñalvo, F. J.There is a critical gender gap in the STEM areas at all levels of education and the labour market. In this context, the European Union has included an increase in female participation in STEM as one of its priorities. It has funded a considerable amount of research projects, so a substantial number of institutions and organizations across Europe has worked on the same objective, but there are not an analysis of the proposals and achievements in all those research projects. This work aims to present an overview of the outputs from European research projects developed during the last five years related to the gender gap in STEMItem Gender Balance Actions, Policies and Strategies for STEM: Results from a World Café Conversation(Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca, 2019-12-27) García-Peñalvo, F. J.; Bello, A.; Dominguez, A.; Romero Chacón, R. M.W-STEM project is working to reduce the existing gender gap in Science, specifically in STEM fields in Latin America. During an International Leadership Summit, held in Cartagena de Indias (Colombia) on November 26th, 2019 within the project scope, forty-four people, including researchers and policymakers at the higher education institutions, participated in a World Café conversation to discuss about the potential actions, policies and strategies might be develop in the universities to reduce the above mentioned gender gap in STEM studies. Four tables were conducted, and this paper summarizes the most outstanding conclusions of the conversations.Item Computational thinking and robotics in education(ACM, 2019-10-16) García-Peñalvo, F. J.After the computational thinking sessions in the previous 2016-2018 editions of TEEM Conference, the fourth edition of this track has been organized in the current 2019 edition. Computational thinking is still a very significant topic, especially, but not only, in pre-university education. role in the track, with a strength relationship with the STEM and STEAM education of children at the pre-university levels, seeding the future of our society.Item Estudio piloto sobre la percepción de la brecha de género en estudios de ingeniería informática(Servicio de Publicaciones Universidad de Zaragoza, 2019-10-09) García-Holgado, A.; Vázquez-Ingelmo, A.; Mena, J.; García-Peñalvo, F. J.; González, C.; Sánchez-Gómez, M. C.; Verdugo-Castro, S.La brecha de género es uno de los principales problemas presentes en la sociedad actual. La igualdad, no solo de la mujer, sino de las diferentes identidades de género, forma parte de las prioridades de la Unión Europea, así como de gran parte de los países desarrollados. En particular, en las áreas de ciencias, tecnología, ingeniería y matemáticas (STEM), la brecha de género es claramente visible tanto en el ámbito académico como en el profesional. En educación superior, de acuerdo con un estudio a nivel mundial, tan solo el 35% de todos los estudiantes matriculados en estudios STEM son mujeres. Existen un gran número de iniciativas que trabajan en reducir la brecha de género en diversos contextos, desde educación infantil y primaria, hasta el ámbito empresarial. El presente trabajo presenta un estudio piloto que permite validar el cuestionario GENCE definido en trabajos previos. Concretamente, se ha aplicado en el Grado de Ingeniería Informática de la Universidad de Salamanca con el fin de conocer la percepción de sus estudiantes en relación con la brecha de género tras aplicar un conjunto de acciones para fomentar la diversidad en el ámbito de la ingeniería.