Digital Modules
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://repositorio.grial.eu/handle/grial/118
Digital Modules produced during Multicultural Interdisciplinary Handbook
(MIH Comenius Multilateral Project)
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Item Template for the Digital Modules(2011) García Holgado, Alicia; García Peñalvo, Francisco J.; Seoane Pardo, Antonio M.; Zangrando, ValentinaItem Political migration from Germany during National Socialism: the case of Thomas Mann(Siegen University, 2011) Kuhn, Bärbel; Fenske, Uta; Guse, Klaus-Michael; Heck, VolkerThomas Mann tried to deal with the subject of fascism quite early. As a Nobel Prize Winner and a symbol of “decent Germany “ he was very soon asked by other exiles to take a firm stand against national socialism and to support other less known exiles who did that. Thomas Mann did not comply with this request. The document of 1936, published in the Zürcher Zeitung was his first public statement against National Socialism. The German administration was thinking a lot about Thomas Mann, wondering whether to expatriate him or not. The Foreign Office was against it because they feared an enormous loss of the reputation of Germany. However, after the publication of Thomas Mann’s letter they started the expatriation process. Still, it is interesting that nobody was in a hurry to do that. They were awaiting the Olympic Games, so they did not want the possible damage to the reputation to impair the enormous propaganda success of the event. They were also afraid of the boycotts of the Olympic Games, which should be avoided by all means.Item Arbeitsmigranten in den 60er und 70er Jahren in der Bundesrepublik - "Gastarbeiter"(Siegen University, 2011) Kuhn, Bärbel; Fenske, Uta; Guse, Klaus-Michael; Heck, Volker; Klotz, Anna-LenaBedingt durch den wirtschaftlichen Wiederaufbau der Bundesrepublik gab es einen langanhaltenden wirtschaftlichen Boom(„Wirtschaftswunder“) mit einem hohen Bedarf an Arbeitskräften. Bis 1961 konnte der wachsende Bedarf durch den Zuzug qualifizierter Arbeitskräfte aus der DDR gedeckt werden. Nach dem Bau der Mauer 1961 versiegte diese Quelle schlagartig und die Bundesrepublik war auf Arbeitskräfte aus anderen Regionen angewiesen. In den 60er und 70er Jahren wurden aus Südeuropa Arbeitskräfte angeworben, zunächst aus Italien, dann aus Portugal und Spanien, später aus südosteuropäischen Ländern und zunehmend aus der Türkei. 1964 gab es bereits über eine Millionen Arbeitsmigranten in der Bundesrepublik. Nach dem Verständnis der Unternehmen, der Regierungen und eines Großteils der Bevölkerung wurden die Arbeitsmigranten als vorübergehende Gäste angesehen, daher nannte man sie auch „Gastarbeiter“. Nach einer gewissen Zeit, wenn sie ökonomisch nicht mehr gebraucht werden sollten, sollten sie in ihre Länder zurückkehren. Viele blieben jedoch dauerhaft und später zogen teilweise auch ihre Familien nach. In dem Modul geht es im Wesentlichen um das Bild, das sich die Deutschen von den Fremden in ihrem Land machten.Item Industrial areas and development in Düsseldorf in the beginning of the 20th century(Siegen University, 2011) Fenske, Uta; Guse, Klaus-Michael; Heck, Volker; Klotz, Anna-Lena; Kuhn, BärbelIn the beginning of the 20th century the processing industry boomed. In consequence, people moved from the countryside to the city. Hence the following developments occurred:Item Urbanization: Düsseldorf: The reorganization of the city after WWII(Siegen University, 2011) Kuhn, Bärbel; Fenske, Uta; Guse, Klaus-Michael; Heck, Volker; Klotz, Anna-LenaAfter WWII, Düsseldorf was mostly destroyed. The reorganization of the city after WWII followed – at least partly – plans that originated in the Third Reich, aiming at a car-friendly city. The economic development and the individualization of traffic required a new traffic concept.Item Migration from Germany to the USA in the 19th century – the situation in the USA(Siegen University, 2011) Kuhn, Bärbel; Guse, Klaus-Michael; Homrighausen, Sahra; Fenske, Uta; Heck, VolkerThe pupils learn something about the conditions in the USA with which migrants were confronted. They learn where German migrants settled, how they were perceived by Americans and how they experienced their own situation.Item Ressentiment, Conflict, destruction/extermination. Stereotypes of Poles(Siegen University, 2011) Kuhn, Bärbel; Fenske, Uta; Guse, Klaus-Michael; Heck, VolkerThe use of negative images and stereotypes is part of the major policy instruments of populist politicians. Therefore large parts of the population tend to believe in them and the stereotypes lay the ground for exclusion, persecution, pogroms and genocide. The history of the 20th century has been called an “age of extremes” (E. Hobsbawm) because a myriad of such persecutions and exterminations took place. In 1919, after the end of World War I, a lot of these negative images and stereotypes existed in Germany, p.e. against the Social Democrats who were called “unpatriotic” because they allegedly had fallen the undefeated army in the back, against the Jews who were pictured as “world conspirators” that had pushed Germany and (optionally all other countries) into the war but also against the German neighbors who fought on the Allied side. Anglophobe tirades were part of the rhetoric of every politician who followed imperialist objectives, especially since Wilhelm II started to build the naval fleet; since the liberation wars against Napoleon the French were called “hereditary enemies” of Germany; and the stereotype of the “Polish economy” (meaning chaos, mismanagement and crime) was created in the 18th century.Item Migration from Germany to the United States in the 19th century(Siegen University, 2011) Klotz, Anna-Lena; Kuhn, Bärbel; Guse, Klaus-Michael; Homrighausen, Sahra; Fenske, Uta; Heck, VolkerAt the end of the 19th century Germany became an immigration destination country. Until that time people rather emigrated from it – mainly because of socio-economic reasons. In times of crisis, more and more people emigrated. During the 19th century there were three waves of emigration: a) the years after the 1848 revolution, b) 1865-1874/75 and c) in the 1880s: 1880-1894. The United States was the country most of the migrants wanted to go to.Item Immigration of the European population to the United States in the nineteenth century(Społeczna Wyższa Szkoła Przedsiębiorczości i Zarządzania, 2011) Hadrysiak, SylwiaMigration - permanent or temporary change of residence. Movement of population is a natural phenomenon and occurred in all historical periods. Increasing migration occurred in the nineteenth and early twentieth century and was primarily due to poor material situation at home (economic migration), or the political situation at home (political migration). The forms of migration can be divided into emigration - departure, immigration - arrival, refugee/exile - escape, evacuation - organized by the state in order to avoid the expected risk, repatriation - the return of citizens from a foreign territory, organized by their country, resettlement-resettlement of nationals within its borders , deportation - the forced resettlement of a person or a group of people on the periphery of the country or outside its borders.Item The development of Polish towns in the second half of the ninete-enth century(Społeczna Wyższa Szkoła Przedsiębiorczości i Zarządzania, 2011) Hadrysiak, SylwiaUrbanization (Latin: urbanus – urban) it is the process expressed in urban development, in-crease in their number, widening urban areas and paticipation of the urban population in total population (or participation of population living according to urban pattern). Urbanization is closely bound up and inextricable with the changes of social and cultural and so-called diffusion of urban lifestyle. Cities from antiquity served the following functions: administrative, communications, defense, tourism and recreation, religious places of worship. The massive process of urban development has taken place only during the Industrial Revolution. The transformation from craft production to production based on the manufactories employing thousands of hands to work has provided a significant demand for labor resources, which primarily was coming from rural areas. In the nineteenth century urbanization on the continent occurred very intensely, the slowdown of this process took place only in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century.